Monday, January 27, 2020

Overview of Negative Effects of Stress

Overview of Negative Effects of Stress Santelices, Marian R. There are negative effects of stress in the emotional, mental, and physical state Introduction â€Å"Chronic stress floods the brain with powerful hormones that are meant for short-term emergency situations. Chronic exposure can damage, shrink, and kill brain cells (Wallenstein, 2003).† Stress can affect an individual’s health leading to an array of diseases that affects the mental, emotional and physical well-being of an individual and can result to emotional, mental, and physical illnesses. Discussion Negative effects of stress in the emotional state Emotion and motivation are often tied with each other. Our actions are often motivated with emotions. Emotions are made up of four integral components: physiological arousal, cognitive processes, behavioral reactions, and affect. In Plutchik’s Emotion Wheel, it is said that there are eight primary human emotions that are made up of four pairs of opposites: acceptance and disgust, fear and anger, surprise and anticipation, sadness and joy. According to the James-Lange theory, physiological responses are triggered by the environmental stimuli from the viscera and muscle movements. Recent evidence has shown that emotions are almost the same but not alike with physiological changes. Yet, there is a little evidence showing that people can determine patterns of muscular and physiological stress. The Schachter-Singer theory is the combination of both James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories. According to Schachter-Singer theory, there is a double cognitive interpretation where emotions r ely: Appraisal of the emotion-causing event and evaluation of physiological process in our bodies. Solomon and Corbit’s opponent-process theory suggests that when an emotional balance is disrupted, an opponent-process activates to restore balance in one’s emotional state. Prolonged exposure to stimuli weakens the initial emotional reaction (Parker and Ettinger, 2010a). Stress and emotion has a powerful relationship. According to Selye’s observation that if stress is not reduced, third state of exhaustion will be entered by organisms, showing signs of tear and wear, and prone to diseases. (Parker and Ettinger, 2010b). Stress can lead to dysfunction. It may result in depression or anxiety. Feeling depressed is a common reaction towards stress. If these symptoms are temporary, it may be the reflection of the ups and downs in life. However, if stress is prolonged, it can lead to psychological problems. Physiological and psychological conditions when anxiety and stress is not treated early: phobias, anxiety disorder, amnesia, and multiple personality (Bressert, 2006). The connection between mood and stress is complicated. Stress is linked with mood and health. People with low self-esteem and social relationship problems are prone to have an increase in somatic and psychological problems. Mood disturbance and illness is a result of people with low psychosocial support (DeLongis, Folkman, and Lazarus, 1988). Negative effects of stress in the mental state The University of California, Berkeley, researchers demonstrated that chronic stress produces changes in the brain that explains the reason why people experiencing chronic stress are likely to experience mental problems early in life such as mood disorders and anxiety. Doctors know that people with illnesses that are related to stress have brain abnormalities, including the differences between the amount of white matter and gray matter. Neurons which keep and process information and support cells is called Glia and is what gray matter is made up of. On the other hand, white matter is made up of axons that have network of fibers that interconnect neurons. The white fatty myelin sheath surrounding the axon is where white matter got its name. Daniela Kaufer, UC Berkeley associate professor of integrative biology, her colleagues, together with graduate students Aaron Freidman and Sundari Chetty, found out that chronic stress creates big number of myelin-producing cells and small number o f neurons than normal. Excess myelin and white matter make changes to the communication and balance in the brain. (Chetty, Friedman, Lahn, Kirby, Mirescu, Guo,†¦and Kaufer, 2014). Mental responses to stress include distractibility, unable to concentrate, depression, irritability, and anger (Parker and Ettinger, 2010c). Negative effects of stress in the physical state Research established that stress leads to health disorders including traumatic events. The impacts of trauma in the psychological are long term and immune for treatments. The psychological impact of trauma leads to physical illness. The physiological arousal triggers the disabling of functioning. In consequence, an individual cannot return to baseline activities such as occupational and social functioning. Trauma can damage one’s physical and psychological functioning (Andrea, Sharma, Zelechoski, and Spinazzola, 2011). Response of an individual towards stress may contribute to coronary heart disease. Type A people especially those with aggressive or hostile personality are prone to coronary heart disease that Type B people, who are easygoing, not driven to achieve perfection and are more relaxed. People with Type A behavior are prone to develop hypertension (Parker and Ettinger, 2010d). There are negative effects of stress in the emotional, mental, and physical state Conclusion Prolonged exposure to stress can affect an individual’s health, leading to an array of diseases that affects the cognitive, emotional and physical well-being of an individual, such as, coronary heart disease, depression, moodiness, memory problems and Especially affected is our brain, the hippocampus, which regulates our memory and emotions and how it plays in various emotional disorders with long-lasting changes in brain structure, that are unraveled by researchers. References Parker, M., Ettinger, R.H. (2010). Understanding Psychology (3rd ed.). 410 Hemsted Dr, Redding, CA 96002, United States. BVT Publishing DeLongis, A., Folkman, S., Lazarus, R.S.(1988). The impact of stress on health and mood: Psychological and social resources as mediators. Journal of personality and psychology, Vol. 54(3), 486-495, Retrieved from http://www.apa.org Chetty, S., Friedman, A.R., Taravosh-Lahn, K., Kirby, E.D., Mirescu, C., Guo, F.,†¦Kaufer, D.(2014). Stress and glucocorticoids promote oligodendrogenesis in the adult hippocampus. Molecular Psychiatry 19, 1275-1283. DOI:10.1038/mp.2013.190 Physical Health Problems After SingleTrauma Exposure: When Stress Takes Root in the Body Wendy D’Andrea1, Ritu Sharma2, Amanda D. Zelechoski3, andJoseph Spinazzola4 Andrea, W.D., Sharma, R., Zelechoski, A.D., Spinazzola, J.(2011). Physical Health Problems After SingleTrauma Exposure: When Stress Takes Root in the Body. Journal of the American PsychiatricNurses Association 17(6) 378–392. DOI: 10.1177/1078390311425187 Bressert, S. (2006). The Impact of Stress. Psych Central. Retrieved from http://psychcentral.com/lib/the-impact-of-stress/000104 Wallenstein, Gene. 2003. Mind, Stress, and Emotion: The New Science of Mood. Boston, MA: Commonwealth Press.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Oz/Management Information Systems

Oz/Management Information Systems, 6th edition Part Case Projects Part 1, â€Å"The Information Age† 1. Review the Gardeners+ part- and chapter-opening cases. Make a list of the inputs, processing, and outputs the owners must do. Now, armed with your list, go online to research a computer system—computer, printer, and any peripheral equipment—that you think will meet Gardeners+’s needs. Place that information in a spreadsheet that could be attached to the â€Å"Financial† section of Gardeners+’s business plan.Remember, the banker will review the plan to determine the business’s funding needs. 2. Gardeners+ constantly needs to review its business to come up with new ideas to compete in the gardening business. Review Figure 2. 1 on page 43 of the book, which lists eight ways to gain a competitive advantage. You, Amanda, Mary, and Ed will be meeting to generate some strategic plans for maintaining Gardeners+’s existing business and expanding into new areas. Do some research online or in business magazines to see how technology is being used in the gardening industry.Brainstorm some new uses for technology, too. For example, restaurants could give customers electronic menus and allow them to check items off electronically on a tablet PC. Come up with two new ideas for Gardeners+ to remain competitive. 3. Chapter 3 focuses on the use of information technology in various business functions. Review the business functions that Gardeners+ needs to carry out and make a list. Go online to research an application that will support as many of Gardeners+’s functions as possible. Explain why you believe this application is a good choice.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Impact of ICT on Education Sectors in America

The capableness for information and communications engineering has been grow up over the last 10 to 15 old ages. Nowadays the computing machine have become more powerful, besides have satellite, fibre ocular and the radio engineering has increased. Other than that, package developments such as multimedia authoring systems have made it easier to make digital stuffs such as educational stuffs etc. In recent old ages, the US economic system has grow up really fast. Furthermore, enlargement has been marked by record emplotment but besides by low rising prices. In this long period of enlargement correspond with representative investing in and the diffusion of information and communicating engineering. In this on the job paper distribution with the part of Information and Communication Technology to economic system turn. Information and Communication Technology as capital inputs in all parts of the economic system. Another differentiation is between the effects of Information and Communication Technology on labor and on multi-factor productiveness. hypertext transfer protocol: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTBcnvX1t9U-3ZTxu57AVe5EXpWVL4kOoEjtjDJkHmZJErR4OuauholryDzehXVZ2fJrC8vljkaso9QdMVG4XBZj7HC1FkSPnnE74pPyoGBOmjFIJG6NMw9D03sycJ-esOTP8VZ_-TLrI/s400/Networked+School+Community2.JPG hypertext transfer protocol: //edutechdebate.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/training-impact.jpg Knowledge, invention and Information and Communication Technology have had strong on many economic sectors, e.g. the information sciences and communicating, finance, and transit sectors. The knowledge-based economic system sets a new scene for instruction and new challenges and promises for the instruction sector. Education is a demand of the knowledge-based economic system, the production and usage of new cognition both require a more educated population and work force. Besides that, Information and Communication Technology is a really powerful tool for distributed cognition and information, a cardinal facet of the instruction procedure. The instruction sector has so far been characteristic by instead slow advancement in footings of invention development which impact on learning activities. Educational research and development does non play a strong function as a factor of enabling the direct production of systematic cognition. The fact, instruction is non a field that lends itself easy to experimentation, partially because experimental attacks in instruction are frequently impossible to depict in exactly adequate to be certain that they are truly being replicated. There is small classify cognition in the section of instruction and merely weak developed mechanisms whereby communities of module jointly can capture and profit from the finds made by their co-workers. Information and communicating engineering potentially offer increased possible for codification of cognition about instruction and for invention in learning activities through being able to present acquisition and cognitive activities. There are some existent facts in the modern instruction. First, the Information and communicating engineering has been developing really quickly presents. Therefore, in order to equilibrate it, the whole educational system should be reformed and Information and communicating engineering should be integrated into educational activities. Other than that, the influence of Information and communicating, particularly the cyberspace can non be ignored in our studentaa‚ ¬a„?s lives. So, the acquisition activities should be to explicate once more, from the manual beginning centered to the unfastened beginning 1s. In this instance the widely usage of cyberspace entree has been an ineluctable policy that should be anticipated by schools governments. Besides that, the company of games by cyberspace have another serious job that should be sagely handled by the educational establishments. The pupils can non truly extinguish from games. They can hold and make with it wherever and whenever they want. In some state of affairs, instruction constitution play an really of import function to snuff out these jobs. One of which is by easing the pupils to make edutainment or educational games. Schools can allow their pupils be familiar with educational games adjusted by their instructors. Besides, they can besides back up and ease their pupils to hold their ain web logs in the cyberspace. A batch of WebBlog suppliers are free to the users, such as WordPress. In their web logs, the pupils can make and compose something, like an article, verse form, intelligence, short narratives, characteristics, or they can besides show their sentiment by an on-line forum provided in the cyberspace. They are able to portion experiences throughout their web logs to others from all over the universe. I think it will be an interesting activity for them, and it will decrease their clip to see the negative or porn sites existed. I think our immature coevals will acquire more and more information and cognition by shoping in the cyberspace. So that, they can besides make more new things in web design that it may be out of the formal course of study content, but it will be utile for their hereafter. Advantages of ICT on instruction sectors The first advantage is up to day of the month and existent universe engineering, to fix the kids for the modern universe. Second, can allow us more comfy and dependability to the ICT when we are analyzing or working every bit good. Disadvantages of ICT on instruction sectors The disadvantage is ne'er adequate resources like computing machine for each schoolroom and you ca n't anticipate parents to purchase their kids a laptop to take to school and some instructors are from the old school and garbage to encompass it in their schoolrooms. Skills Needed in the Workplace of the Future Digital Age Literacy Functional literacy-Ability to decode significance and express thoughts in a scope of media ; this includes the usage of images, artworks, picture, charts and graphs or ocular literacy Scientific literacy-Understanding of both the theoretical and applied facets of scientific discipline and mathematics Technological literacy-Competence in the usage of information and communicating engineerings Information literacy-Ability to happen, measure and do appropriate usage of information, including via the usage of ICTs Cultural literacy-Appreciation of the diverseness of civilizations Global awareness-Understanding of how states, corporations, and communities all over the universe are interrelated Imaginative Thinking Adaptability-Ability to accommodate and pull off in a complex, mutualist universe Curiosity-Desire to cognize Creativity-Ability to utilize imaginativeness to make new things Risk-taking-Ability to take hazards Higher-Order Thinking-Creative problem-solving and logical thought that consequence in soundjudgments Effective Communication Teaming-Ability to work in a squad Collaboration and interpersonal skills-Ability to interact swimmingly and work efficaciously with others Personal and societal duty -Be accountable for the manner they use ICTs and to larn to utilize ICTs for the public good Synergistic communication-Competence in conveyance, conveying, accessing and understanding information High Productivity-Ability to prioritise, program, and manage plans and undertakings to accomplish the coveted consequences. Ability to use what they learn in the schoolroom to real-life contexts to make relevant, high-quality merchandises The utilizations ICTs help better the quality of instruction Information and communicating can better the quality of instruction and preparation is a critical issue, peculiarly at a clip of educational enlargement. Information and communicating besides can heighten the quality of instruction in several ways, foremost, by the increasing scholar motive and battle, by easing the acquisition of basic accomplishments, and by heightening teacher training.14 Information and communicating are besides transformational tools which, when used suitably.Advancing cognition and the ( cognition ) economic system: the promises of e-learningThe outgrowth of information and communicating is represents high promises for the third instruction sector. information and communicating Iowas could so play a function on three cardinal facets of instruction policy, is really entree, quality and cost. information and communicating is could perchance progress cognition by spread outing and widening entree to instruction, by bettering the quality of instruction and cut down ing its cost. All this would construct more capacity for the promotion of cognition economic systems. This subdivision summarises the chief statements endorsing the promises. E-learning is a promising tool for the spread outing entree to third instruction. Because they relax infinite and clip restraints, ICTs can let new people to take part in third instruction by increasing the flexibleness of engagement compared to the traditional face-to-face theoretical account: on the job pupils and grownups, people populating in distant countries ( e.g. rural ) , non-mobile pupils and even foreign pupils could now more easy take part in instruction. Thankss to ICT, scholars can so analyze where and/or when they have clip to make soaa‚ ¬ † instead than where and/or when categories are planned. While traditional correspondence-based distance acquisition has long played this function, ICT have enhanced traditional distance instruction enabled the rise of a continuum of patterns between to the full campus-based instruction and to the full distance instruction. More specifically, to the full on-line acquisition can let big Numberss of pupils to entree instruction. The restraints of the face-to-face acquisition experience, that is, the size of the suites and edifices and the students/teacher ratio, represents another signifier of relaxation of infinite restraints. ICTs so allow a really inexpensive cost of reproduction and communicating of a lesson, via different agencies like the digital recording and its ( subterranean or coincident ) diffusion on Television, wireless or the Internet. The learning procedure or content can besides be codified, and at least some parts be standardised in larning objects, for illustration a multimedia package, that can in rule be used by 1000000s of scholars, either in a synchronal or asynchronous manner. Although both signifiers might bring on some loss in footings of teachers-learners interactivity compared to confront to confront learning, they can make a graduated table of engagement that would be impracti cable via face-to-face acquisition. When the demands are immense, to the full on-line acquisition can be important and perchance the lone realistic agencies to increase and widen quickly entree to third instruction. Some developing states have immense cohorts of immature people and excessively little an academic work force to run into their big unmet demand: given developing new instructors would take excessively much clip, notwithstanding resources, e-learning might stand for for many possible pupils and learners the lone opportunity to analyze ( instead than an alternate to full face-to-face acquisition ) ( World Bank, 2003 ) . E-learning can besides be seen as a promising manner for bettering the quality of third instruction and the effectivity of larning. These promises can be derived from different features of ICTs: the increased flexibleness of the acquisition experience it can give to pupils ; the enhanced entree to information resources for more pupils ; the possible to drive advanced and effectual ways of larning and/or instruction, including acquisition tools, easier usage of multimedia or simulation tools ; eventually, the possibility to spread these inventions at really low fringy cost among the instructors and scholars. Distance E-learning has non merely the virtuousness to be inclusive for pupils that can non take part in third instruction because of clip, infinite or capacity restraints, as it was shown supra. It can besides in rule offer to pupils more individualized ways of larning than corporate face-to-face acquisition, even in little groups. Although acquisition is frequently personalised to some extent in higher instruction through the modularity of waies, ICTs allow establishments to give pupils to take a wider assortment of larning waies than in non-ICT supplemented establishments aa‚ ¬ † non the least because of the administrative load this would stand for in big establishments. This means that pupils can experiment larning waies that best suit them. Furthermore, e-learning can potentially let pupils to take classs from several establishments, e.g. some campus-based and others to the full online. This possible flexibleness of single course of study can be seen as an betterme nt of the overall pupil experience, irrespective of pedagogical alterations. In one word, e-learning could render instruction more learner-centred compared to the traditional theoretical account. Decision It is clear that ICT capacity will go on to spread out at a rapid rate throughout the universe. This enlargement will be driven chiefly for commercial intents, but it will besides supply the chance for economically of import educational chances. Probably no state can afford to disregard this development. However, practical instruction requires a really rigorous set of conditions for it to work successfully. For these conditions to be met, there is a high cost in footings of investing and preparation. Most significantly of all, the technological substructure must be in topographic point. While the engineering underpinning practical instruction is developing quickly, the most valuable developments for poorer states are non yet commercially available or developed. Virtual instruction is non the reply to many of the most urgent educational problemsfaced peculiarly by poorer developing states. Other schemes, such as unfastened universities, can supply greater entree and more cost-efficient bringing of instruction. Governments can make much to promote the right environment for practical education.Indeed, authoritiess can non afford non to expose at least a minimal figure of its subjects to the benefits of practical instruction. The poorer the state, the more focussed itsefforts to back up practical instruction will necessitate to be. Partnership with more developed states, coaction between states with similar civilizations and phases of economic development and well-targeted, small-scale undertakings will all assist develop capacity and accomplishments in practical instruction.

Thursday, January 2, 2020

Weimar Republic Essay - 2407 Words

Weimar Republic There were various factors that contributed to the failure of the Weimar Republic of Germany and the ascent of Hitler’s National Socialist German Workers Party into power on January 30, 1933. Various conflicting problems were concurrent with the eventuation of the Republic that, from the outset, its first governing body the socialist party (SPD) was forced to contend with. These included the aspect of German imperialism, the unresolved defeat of 1918, financial collapse and the forced struggle against the activities of the National party as well as inflation. Other factors which influenced the failure of Weimar were the structural weaknesses induced by the constitution and the basic lack of support for the Republic†¦show more content†¦The sailors at Kiel mutinied in a last desperate effort on October 28 and On November 9, 1919, the streets were filled with crowds marching to demonstrate at the center of Berlin. Similarly, even before the contingency of these incidents, the center party, a liberal group who were the coalition government of the acting SPD formed by Phillip Scheidemann, resigned rather than sign the Treaty of Versailles. Besides, German patriotism was strong, in particular because the German people believed they had fought a defensive war and were told their soldiers were ‘unconquered in the field. Therefore, the humiliating Treaty came as a rude shock to the German people who, correspondingly, blamed the politicians for betraying the soldiers in signing the armistice and saw them as compounding their treason by accepting the peace settlement. They spoke of the ‘November criminals’ and protested â€Å"A nation of seventy million suffers, but does not die.† These factors propagated in the promotion of anti republican feeling, the conclusions of which were clearly reflected in the results of the election of June 1920. To illustrate, the SPD lost nearly half its seats (many to the USDP) and the right wing parties (DVP and DNVP) increased their share at the expense of the democrats. â€Å"Defeated on the battlefield, defeated at the conference table, defeated at the polls, the republic embarked on its uncertain career.† Furthermore, compliance with the TreatyShow MoreRelatedThe Weimar Republic1289 Words   |  6 Pages1919 the German people attempted to create a parliamentary democracy with the Weimar Republic. Born in the ashes of defeat, the Weimar Republic was heavily burdened with failures of the past. For decades historians have sought to understand why the Weimar Republic failed and if it was doomed to do so from the start. The answer to this question is very complex as many different factors were involved. The fait of Weimar Germany was in the hands of many different ideas and forces that caused its failureRead MoreThe Weimar Republic Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesThe Weimar Repu blic The Weimar Republic was set-up in January 1919. It seemed like a new start for Germany after the revolution, this new republic was a democracy, chosen by the people. However, the Weimar Republic, like many new parliaments, was having teething troubles. The main trouble came from the communists. In March they organised strikes, demonstrations, riots, etc. in Berlin.Read MoreWeimar Republic And Its Effect On The Republic732 Words   |  3 Pages The Weimar republic by:Efren Camacho, World History, pd 1 Weimar republic weaknesses were important because, the Weimar republic was elected for a new republic of Germany later on,that did not turn on well. First, the weimar republic was elected for new government Jan,1919. The Nazis came to power in the 1930’s, and manich to establish a dictatorship.why were the Weimar republic weaknesses significant? The origins of the Weimar republic, weaknesses, how did Hitler come toRead MoreThe Collapsed Of The Weimar Republic1533 Words   |  7 Pagesof the Weimar Republic Weimar Republic came from the German Revolution in 1918 to replace the German empire. The Weimar Republic existed between 1919 - 1933 and was faced with numerous crisis that led to its collapsed. Several factors accounted for the collapse of the Weimar Republic when Hitler captured power on January 30, 1933. The Weimar Constitution drafted in 1919 was accounts for the fall of the Republic. The structural weakness of the political system of the Weimar RepublicRead MoreThe Weimar Republic Essay603 Words   |  3 PagesThe Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic was created in Germany in 1918 as a result of widespread socialist unrest. A liberal constitution was drawn up in 1919. There was extensive instability in Germany around this time. The Weimar government had trouble pleasing right and left wing parties because, at this time, Germany was very polarised politically. Hitler dissolved the republic in 1933. But was it doomed from its beginning? One of the main fields where problemsRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Weimar Republic1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe collapse of the Weimar Republic did not transpire from one sole reason, but from numerous short and long term factors. The immediate impact of the Great Depression definitely catalyzed the demise of the Weimar constitution, however the social, political, and economic instabilities built up the tension that triggered the initial collapse. These underlying issues fuelled governmental weaknesses, encouraging the psychological discontent with the Republic. This atmosphere of disarray enabled theRead MoreThe Downfall Of The Weimar Republic2031 Words   |  9 PagesJacob Hall Nazi Germany Final Paper The Downfall of the Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic was created in 1919, at the time of near anarchy, after Germany had lost the First World War. It was named Weimar for the city the constitutional assembly and conception it took place in. The Weimar Republic was the era leading up to the Nazi Regime, and obviously ultimately failed. The main party that had created the Weimar Republic was the Social Demographic Party, which was primarily represented byRead MoreThe Collapse Of The Weimar Republic1659 Words   |  7 Pagesof 1923, Hitler tried to take advantage of the crisis facing the Weimar government by establishing a revolution in Munich, Germany. It seemed like the perfect opportunity, but poor planning and misjudgement resulted in failure and the low security imprisonment of Adolf Hitler. After Germany’s failure in World War I, the Weimar Republic had been declared the new democratic government of Germany in February 1919. â€Å"The Weimar Republic was a genuine attempt to create a perfect democratic c ountry [and]Read MoreThe Legacy Of The Weimar Republic1886 Words   |  8 PagesNationalism was an essential and indispensable variable in the ruin of the Weimar Republic and thusly, the resulting disappointment of vote based system in Germany in the period 1918-1934. The feeling of dependability and commitment to one s country, which the German subjects had felt in their aggressive past, was at last crushed by WWI and its outcomes. In spite of the fact that patriotism was a noteworthy reason for the disappointment of vote based system in Germany, there were numerous differentRead MoreTaking a Look at the Weimar Republic955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Weimar Republic existed in Germany between 1918 and 1933 (The Weimar Republic). The new Weimar Constitution of 1919 gave German women suffrage as well as access to educational initiatives like sexual hygiene and birth control (Pine, 199). Women got the chance to join political parties, trade unions, and immerse themselves in political life (Frevert, 175). The Weimar Republic wanted to give German women a chance at political success so they created the Ausschuss fà ¼r die Vorbereitung von Frauen