There Are Four Primary Discipline Topics Mentioned Above

There are four primary discipline topics mentioned above addressed in the review of the literature for this research, which are the analysis of the primary conceptual framework for this investigation. The social model for Cultural Competence and Critical Race Theory (CRT), are the highlights of the dimensions that will influence the research through this exploratory participatory approach. This will be a case study utilizing a mixed method approach through social constructivist participatory analysis. The case study will have an outcome basis that may produce advocacy, more effective professional development, and more culturally inclusive learning environments. Let’s view each of these outcomes individually. The research†¦show more content†¦Therefore, professional development becomes critical for a more inclusive learning environment to include more than just pedagogy. It must include culturally aware and competent trainings. Finally, this might cumulatively lead to a more culturally inclusive learning environment. A more culturally inclusive learning environment could be self-sustaining to producing more globally competitive high school students. Teachers and administrators who have more cultural mindfulness and inclusion could be able to cultivate more productive students which would be inclusive of African American high school students. According to Michael Cole, author of â€Å"Cross-Cultural and Historical Perspectives on the Developmental Consequences of Education which speaks about the primary meaning for education being to nourish a child (Cole, 2005). Cole also characterizes education as â€Å". . .a systemic instruction, schooling or training given to the young in preparation for the work of life† (Cole, 2005). Therefore, it is imperative for this learning environment of preparation for life to be culturally inclusive to be successful for an equitable and more productively effectiveShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Learning Styles And Academic / Workplace Environment Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped by Neil Fleming to assess students’ learning styles based on senses and perceptions (Introduction to VARK, 2014). It was extended from an earlier theory called â€Å"neuro-linguistic theory† by Richard Bandler and John Grinder in the 1970s. There are four categories of different learning preferences: 1. Visual: People who learn better with information that is presented in graphs, charts and diagrams. 2. Aural/Auditory: People who learn better from lectures, group discussion, QA sessions where informationRead MoreCognitive Science : The Scientific Study Of The Mind1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe mind. Cognitive Science uses the scientific method as it primary methodology. 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And how we as Christians view this topic as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After we are conceived, we begin learning from theRead MoreGlycemic Control Of End Stage Renal Disease1277 Words   |  6 Pagescomplicated in kidney failure patients due to complex challenges affecting glucose. The purpose of this paper is to identify how the phenomenon of interest impact relevant practice area, discuss two philosophical viewpoints influencing the chosen topic and incorporate patterns of knowing to the advanced practice role. Phenomenon of Interest The writer will examine the prevalence of diabetes among the patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), potential benefits, and harm during management ofRead MoreEducation : Education Of Preservice Teachers And 2 ) Emphasis On High Stakes Testing Essay924 Words   |  4 Pagesattention. 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Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children in the UK Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Every year several unaccompanied children migrant to the UK as asylum seekers, among them mostly come from Afghanistan followed by Iraq, Iran and other Asian countries. Applications from these asylum seekers result in a granted asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary Leaves. The following chart shows the number of applications was received within four years and the number of migrants granted asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave. This chart shows that the ratio of asylum seekers who have been allowed residency in the UK has dropped, but still ratio of those who have been dismissed and withdrawn remained close within past four years. Age dispute is the major reason behind rejection and dismissed of the children seek asylum in the UK. It has been noticed that the UK border Agency disputes the age of some children applicant due to their age factor. Likewise, in 2011 approximately 374 children were age disputed, it a decrease of 24% in comparison with 2010 stat istics in which 489 were age disputed. It is noteworthy here, that out of 374 children 30% were from Afghanistan and every year, nationals of Afghanistan are age-disputed, may be due to their mature looks, height, and mature body structures (Home Office 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Unaccompanied Asylum Seeking Children in the UK or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Also, social workers uphold an idea that apart from official procedures of age assessment these children should be judged on the observations regarding relations with others, proves of anxiety, worries, being feared or harmed.

Analysis of the Nature and Culture Division Free Essays

The advances in the understanding of nature in terms of scientific knowledge has been tremendous especially since the mid-1950’s with the discovery of the DNA structure, which precipitated more advances in molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry.   However, in the end of the 20th century until now, our modern society has seen more and more debates about how nature has been altered and/or destroyed by our progress in technology, in particular biotechnology. Yet, one may wonder if the debate over technological progress affecting nature or more specifically, natural laws that govern our existence, does reflect a cultural bias in the general comprehension of technological progress in our society. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Nature and Culture Division or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Consequently, three questions may be asked to completely analyze the problem.   First, is there a nature/culture problem to be discussed?   Second, if there is, how has it affected our global society with respect to a cultural shift caused by particular developments in science and technology and when?   If there is a global effect, is there a tangible effect on our personal life?   This paper will deal with each of these questions. The amazing characteristics that humans possess, is to learn from previous generations, to improve upon their work, and to establish a momentum to human life and culture that has taken our civilization from cave art to quantum physics, and into the space age.   In addition, other scientific advances bring about technological progress in our direct environment and society, more so than being in space.   Even more so has biotechnology been altering the nature of our humanity, not only in terms of ‘programmed’ physical changes based on scientific discoveries, but also in terms of environmental changes. Unfortunately, people’s understanding of what science is capable of either to benefit our society or destroy it, has been undermined since the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century.   How do we know that?   Simply consider the history of our society until now with the debate over cloning and stem-cell research that have come under fire in our western part of the world.   In both cases, a further division has taken place within the world scientific community.   Some countries allow the research whereas others do not.   Consequently, what can we draw from this chiasm, is it due to a cultural difference?   If it is, then do we really understand what the meaning of culture is?   If we do, can we reconcile differences? Raymond Williams tells us that there is a great difficulty in even defining the concept of culture. (Williams, ) Is it a division of the whole into parts (the individual) like Latour claims or a whole global entity like Tarde thinks? (Latour, Social in Question)   Furthermore, Williams is not even sure himself of what nature really means.   On page 78, he does tell us that there is a general confusion or disparity of what different people mean by nature.   Is it either the nature of man (biology), the natural nature of our environment, or both?   Latour seems to agree with Williams that there is a problem of defining the context of nature and culture.   Latour uses the illustration of one simple event like using an aerosol can after which people are taken on a journey to Antarctica, to touring scientific labs across the world, and the chemistry of inert gases. (p. 2 Crisis) (Latour, ) This implies that the complexity of the division is based not only on the science of the natural environment, but also first on how people are affected by the effects of the ozone problem, and second how different people or the world as a single cultural phenomenon perceive the problem.   The conclusion is that the division exists but its very existence is very confusing to any person from any part of the world or the whole world, perhaps minus the scientists.   Rabinow’s expose supports this idea of confusion when she claims using Michel Foucault’s and Gilles Deleuze’s arguments that there has been a shift caused by this division, particularly on how we as a species comprehend ourselves and our environment.   Specifically, on p. 91, she states: â€Å"In the modern form, finitude establishes a field of life, labor, and language  within which Man appears as a distinctive being who is both the subject and object of his own understanding, but an understanding that is never complete because of its very structure.† (Rabinow, ) Toxen is convinced that this magnitude of this shift has actually been more like a revolution with respect to science and technology in our society. (Toxen, 1983) On p.1, he emphasizes that there is a total reshaping of â€Å"industries, companies, universities, and laboratories to sustain the present mode of production.†Ã‚   He adds that the cause of this shift seems to be linked to a push for biotechnological advances, especially in our time (he wrote this article in 1983). So, how do this shift and the nature/culture division affect our own existence?   Callon speaks of auto engineers in France becoming sociologists in order to manufacture the first electric car.   As a consequence, engineers define what society will be like and how it will be changed because of the introduction of such a new mode of transportation.   Their resulting conclusions motivate their work while reshaping our ideas or shall we say our cultural acceptance. (Callon, )   In the same vein, biotechnology has been hailed as the only way to remedy problems that our society faces.   For example, Lappe and Collins cite the example of how biotechnology is supposed to solve world hunger but people are starving more than ever. (Lappe-Collins, ) An illustration of this idea is cited by Pollan with Monsanto genetically engineering a bug-killer potato that may be hazardous to our health so we would not be able to eat it anyway! (Pollan, ).   In the context of ecology, Schwartz and Thompson speak of â€Å"Nature benign gives us global equilibrium.† (Schwartz, Thompson, 1990) This idea implies that science and technology cannot help the way that is propounded.   The reason is simple: there is not enough comprehension of us as individuals and as a civilization (culture) to solve the mostly self-inflicted obstacles encountered with our nature as a species as well as our environment (nature). In conclusion, there is a real doubt whether science and technology can help our society.   Since there is a fuzzy picture of how we understand the division between culture and nature, science and technology cannot claim that they understand what shapes our society for the better while they certainly do not understand how they can shape society for the worst. References Callon, ?. (Year?). Engineers as sociologists. Publication? 210- 216. Lappe, ?, Collins, ?. (Year?). World hunger: twelve myths.   Publication? 48-66. Latour, B. Joyce, P. (editor). (Year?). The social in question. New bearings on history and the Social Sciences. London: Routledge.   (year?). Crisis. Publication? 2-12. Pollan, M. (date and year?). Playing God in my garden. The New York Times. 1-12. Rabinow, P. (Year?) Artificiality and enlightenment: from sociobiology to biosociality. Publication? 91-110. Schwartz, M., Thompson, M. (1990). Divided we stand: redefining politics, technology, and social choice.   London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Toxen, L. (1983). The life industry in gene business: who should control biotechnology? London: Association Books. Williams, R. (Year?). Title? Publication? 68-84. How to cite Analysis of the Nature and Culture Division, Essay examples

Human Cortical Neural Progenitors and Attenuates †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Human Cortical Neural Progenitors and Attenuates. Answer: Introduction: Zika virus is a type of mosquito Borne flavivirus. Zika virus is transmitted by the aedes mosquitoes. This virus is related to Dengue yellow fever and encephalitis. This virus was first identified at Uganda in 1947 in the monkey's which causes the yellow fever. It was later identified in 1952 in the humans of United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda it has also been recorded in Asia Africa and America. Generally the zika virus causes very mild symptoms such as mild fever, rash, conjunctivitis, joint pain, muscle pain or headache (Shankar, 2016). These symptoms generally stay for 2-7 days. The incubation period of the Zika virus is not known clearly but is it is assumed to be some few days of the incubation. ZIKV is a type of virus in the family of Flaviviridae of class Flavivirus, which additionally incorporates the main pathogen human Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and the Dengue virus (DENV). The genome of flavivirus is a RNA of 11 kilo bytes long which contains a 5 top structure however does not have a polyA tail. The RNA code for a long open chain which is converted into a protein was prepared by virus and has proteases into three basic and seven non-structural proteins (Lei et al., 2016). Non-structural protein 5 (NS5) is fundamental for the flaviviral RNA genome replication (Gourinat et al., 2015). The N-terminal bit of NS5 contains a methyl-transferase (MT), trailed by a short linker that associates with the RNA-subordinate RNA polymerase (RdRp). The MT includes the 5 RNA top structure to encourage interpretation of the polyprotein and to diminish elicitation of the host inborn invulnerable reaction. The RdRp starts RNA amalgamation by an all over again component wherein a sol itary nucleotide triphosphate fills in as a preliminary for nucleotide polymerization (Petersen et al., 2015). According to Chiramel and Best (2017), recent studies have suggested a role for autophagy in Zika infection (ZIKV) replication by showing the aggregation of autophagic vesicles after the ZIKV disease in both in vitro and in vivo models. In human fetal neural immature microorganisms, ZIKV restrains Akt-mTOR motioning to actuate autophagy, increment infection replication and block neurogenesis. In any case, autophagy additionally can possibly constrain ZIKV replication, with partitioned thinks about exhibiting antiviral parts for autophagy at the maternal-placental-fetal interface, and all the more particularly, at the endoplasmic reticulum where infection replication is set up in a tainted cell. Strangely, ZIKV (and related flaviviruses) has advanced particular components to overcome autophagy at the ER, hence exhibiting vital parts for these autophagic pathways in infection replication and host reaction (Lei et al., 2016). According to Tsunoda et al. (2016), ZIKV have direct neuro-tropism and neuro-virulence but does not have neuro-invasiveness. Intrauterine ZIKV disease (viral pathology) has been connected to an expanded frequency of microencephaly, following ZIKV contamination is likely insusceptible interceded. Clinically, in ZIKV disease, antibodies against different flaviviruses, for example, DENV, have been identified; these are the antibodies that can cross-respond with ZIKV balance. In principle, such non-killing antibodies are created to the detriment of diminished generation of killing antibodies (Tsunoda et al., 2016). While the non-killing antibodies can likewise upgrade viral replication in Fc receptor (FcR)- bearing cells by means of immunizer subordinate improvement (ADE). Here, we propose three potential parts of the neutralizer interceded pathogenesis of ZIKV contamination: ZIKV-immune response complex is taken up at nerve endings and transported to neurons in the focal sensory system (CNS), from here the infection can enter the CNS without intersecting the barrier of blood and brain. Panchaud et al. (2016) stated that the current accessible proof backings the presence of a causal connection between pre-birth Zika infection disease and microcephaly and different genuine cerebrum peculiarities. Microcephaly can be caused by a few components, and its clinical course and anticipation are hard to foresee. Different pathogens with demonstrated teratogenicity have been recognized some time before the current ZIKV plague. In spite of the developing number of cases with maternal indications of contamination and additionally nearness of ZIKV in tissues of influenced babies or embryos, it is as of now hard to evaluate the extent of increment of microcephaly pervasiveness in Brazil, and also the part of different factors in the advancement of inborn neurological conditions (Tang et al., 2016). In the interim, wellbeing offices and therapeutic associations have issued wary rules prompting medicinal services specialists and hopeful couples making a trip to, coming back from, o r living in influenced regions. Undifferentiated from dengue infection (DENV) plagues, ZIKV can possibly wind up noticeably endemic in all nations swarmed by Aedes mosquitoes, while new changes could affect viral replication in people, prompting expanded harmfulness and subsequently elevated odds of viral transmission to extra credulous mosquito vectors. Studies are critically expected to answer the inquiries encompassing ZIKV and its part in inherent neurological conditions (Zhang et al., 2017). According to Musso (2014), the sporadic human diseases were accounted for in Africa and Asia. In 2007, the main expansive archived ZIKV episode was accounted for from Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia. No further transmission was distinguished in the Pacific until October 2013, when French Polynesia (FP) revealed the primary cases; an ensuing hazardous episode brought about an expected 28 000 cases looking for restorative care. Phylogenetic examinations exhibited that the FP strain was firmly identified with Cambodia 2010 and Yap State 2007 strains, authenticating past discoveries of the development of the ZIKV Asian ancestry. Amid the FP episode, most clinical cases gave gentle malady described by poor quality fever, maculopapular rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis. No extreme sickness coming about because of ZIKV contamination had been accounted for preceding the FP episode, yet past clinical portrayal depended on a set number of affirmed cases. The current fleeting and s patial relationship between the FP ZIKV episode and the exceptionally strange GBS bunch is extremely suspicious, however does not affirm ZIKV as the antigenic jolt inclining to this immune system sickness. Following the FP episode in late 2013, there were resulting flare-ups in New Caledonia, the Cook Islands, and Easter Island. As a result of the regularly gentle clinical indications, constrained ZIKV analytic limit, and covering clinical highlights of ZIKV, dengue, and chikungunya, which are likewise flowing in the Pacific, we trust that continuous and undetected ZIKV transmission in other Pacific island nations, and possibly past, is profoundly plausible. The perception that serious clinical intricacies may happen features the need to reinforce reconnaissance for this developing infection, and, in case of a ZIKV episode, set up thorough clinical observing to distinguish GBS or other bizarre clinical indications. Freire et al. (2014) had studied the molecular evolution of zika virus by investigating 37 Zika virus isolates that were collected from Senegal and six different countries. Samples collected that are utilized as a part of this examination. Monkey and human strains were acquired separately in 1979 and 1991 in Senegal amid routine observation. None of the information was specifically derived from human or creature tests but instead from cell culture supernatant. Along these lines every one of the specimens was mysterious and just reference numbers were utilized amid the investigation that began this examination. Viral contamination was affirmed following seven days of engendering by a roundabout immuno-fluorescence measure utilizing particular hyper-invulnerable mouse ascitic liquid, as portrayed already. Cultures supernatants were gathered for RNA isolation. Then the RNA was extracted by gel electrophoresis and was eluted by AVE buffer and then stored at -80C for further use. Then cDN A was synthesized and PCR was done for the amplification of the viral RNA. For the amplification cDNA is mixed with the buffer, primers, dNTPs, MgCl2 and Taq polymerase. After the amplification the phylogenetic analysis is done it was found that some of the countries from West Africa show the emergence of the Zika virus during the 20th century. In the year 2015, Musso et al., proved the sexual transmission of the Zika virus by the help of a man who had the symptoms of the Zika infection such as low fever, asthenia and arthralgia. They collected the blood and the semen samples ans tested for teh confirmation of hematospermia. They extracted RNA from 200L of blood and 500L of semen, and then were eluted by a 50L of the elution buffer. From this 5L of RNA was extracted for doing the amplification. The samples were then tested by doing RT-PCR using the primers specific of the Zika virus. The results shows that there are positive signs of Zika virus in semen but there are no virus in the blood. Thus it can be proved that the Zika can be transmitted sexually. Cauchemez et al. (2016) studied the emergence of the Zika virus in America has increased rate of microencephaly with the birth of the babies. They reflectively analysed the information from a Zika virus epidemic in French Polynesia, which was the biggest archived flare-up before that in the Americas. They utilized serological and observation information to gauge the likelihood of contamination with Zika infection for every seven day stretch of the plague and looked restorative records to recognize all instances of microencephaly from September, 2013, to July, 2015. Simple models were utilized to evaluate times of hazard in pregnancy when Zika infection may expand the danger of microencephaly and gauge the related hazard. From the study it was found that the Zika virus epidemic was started in October, 2013, and finished in April, 2014, and 66% (95% CI 62 70) of the overall public were contaminated. Of the eight microencephaly cases recognized amid the 23-month think about period, seve n (88%) happened in the 4-month time span March 1 to July 10, 2014. The planning of these cases was best clarified by a time of hazard in the main trimester of pregnancy. In this model, the standard pervasiveness of microencephaly was two cases (95% CI 0 8) per 10?000 neonates, and the danger of microencephaly connected with Zika infection disease was 95 cases (34 191) per 10?000 ladies tainted in the primary trimester. We couldn't preclude an expanded danger of microencephaly from contamination in different trimesters; however models that avoided the principal trimester were not supported by the information. Gourinat et al. (2015) described the presence of Zika virus in the urine samples. They have collected some urine samples from 6 peoples who are suffering from the Zika virus infection. To detect the ZIKV in the urine samples firstly RNA was extracted from 200 L of urine, then they use the sets of specific primers for ZIKV. A standard curve was obtained with the serial dilutions of a Zika virus stock of known concentrations. All the urine samples were also being tested for the dengue and chikungunya virus infections by using RT-PCR and it showed negative results. Then the urine samples that were taken from the patients showed a positive result for ZIKV. Some urine samples were also taken from 6 healthy persons that were also assessed and it showed the negative results. Conclusion In general, since there are no particular medicines for Zika infection disease, and in addition for other developing arbo-viruses of general wellbeing significance, the viable control of mosquito vectors with eco-accommodating instruments is of pivotal significance. Natural control programs against mosquito youthful instars depend on the arrival of savage amphibian life forms, and this system is as often as possible not reasonable in the greater part of urban conditions misused by hatchlings of some Aedes species, accordingly additionally look into is required (Benelli, 2016). Be that as it may, the utilize of organic control operators of mosquito youthful instars in nearness of ultra-low amounts of plant-integrated metal and carbon nanoparticles, may prompt the effective decrease of vector populaces, since the sub-deadly dosages of these nano-formulations are lethal towards the Culicidae, yet not to their regular adversaries. Other than the utilization of manufactured and plant-born e anti-agents to dodge Culicidae nibbles, and also the exemplary pesticide-based control programs focusing on mosquito youthful instars, facilitate viable alternatives will incorporate radiation, transgenic and symbiont-based control approaches (Fauci Morens, 2016). Likewise, the utilization of organic control specialists of mosquito eggs, hatchlings and pupae, in nearness of ultra-low amounts of bioreduced nanoparticles, which help their predation rates, appears to be encouraging. Further researches are to be done to get the correct idea of the use of chemical compound and decision elements in mosquito vectors is required. Additionally behavioral examinations dismembering the relative significance of visual (with uncommon reference to swarming historic points), vibrational, olfactory and material signals are seen during swarming and mating. This is of essential significance to permit the compelling uses of swarming control (the "lure and kill" approach), pheromone traps and sound traps. References Benelli, G. (2016). Spread of Zika virus: the key role of mosquito vector control.Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine,6(6), 468-471. Chiramel, A. I., Best, S. M. (2017). Role of Autophagy in Zika Virus Infection and Pathogenesis.Virus Research. Fauci, A. S., Morens, D. M. (2016). Zika virus in the Americasyet another arbovirus threat.New England Journal of Medicine,374(7), 601-604. Goodnough, L. T., Marques, M. B. (2017). Zika Virus and Patient Blood Management.Anesthesia Analgesia,124(1), 282-289. Gourinat, A. C., OConnor, O., Calvez, E., Goarant, C., Dupont-Rouzeyrol, M. (2015). Detection of Zika virus in urine.Emerging infectious diseases,21(1), 84. Lei, J., Hansen, G., Nitsche, C., Klein, C. D., Zhang, L., Hilgenfeld, R. (2016). Crystal structure of Zika virus NS2B-NS3 protease in complex with a boronate inhibitor. Science, 353(6298), 503-505. Panchaud, A., Stojanov, M., Ammerdorffer, A., Vouga, M., Baud, D. (2016). Emerging role of Zika virus in adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes.Clinical microbiology reviews,29(3), 659-694. Petersen, L. R., Jamieson, D. J., Powers, A. M., Honein, M. A. (2016). Zika virus.New England Journal of Medicine,374(16), 1552-1563. Shankar, P. S. (2016). Zika virus infection.RGUHS Journal of Medical Sciences,6(2), 53-54. Tang, H., Hammack, C., Ogden, S. C., Wen, Z., Qian, X., Li, Y., ... Christian, K. M. (2016). Zika virus infects human cortical neural progenitors and attenuates their growth management. Cell stem cell, 18(5), 587-590. Tsunoda, I., Omura, S., Sato, F., Kusunoki, S., Fujita, M., Park, A. M., ... Nagata, S. (2016). Neuropathogenesis of Zika Virus Infection: Potential Roles of Antibody-Mediated Pathology.Acta medica Kinki University,41(2), 37. Zhang, B., Pinsky, B. A., Ananta, J. S., Zhao, S., Arulkumar, S., Wan, H., ... Tang, M. (2017). Diagnosis of Zika virus infection on a nanotechnology platform.Nature Medicine,23(5), 548-550. Musso, D., Nilles, E. J., Cao?Lormeau, V. M. (2014). Rapid spread of emerging Zika virus in the Pacific area.Clinical Microbiology and Infection,20(10). Faye, O., Freire, C. C., Iamarino, A., Faye, O., de Oliveira, J. V. C., Diallo, M., Zanotto, P. M. (2014). Molecular evolution of Zika virus during its emergence in the 20th century.PLoS neglected tropical diseases,8(1), e2636. Cauchemez, S., Besnard, M., Bompard, P., Dub, T., Guillemette-Artur, P., Eyrolle-Guignot, D., ... Fontanet, A. (2016). Association between Zika virus and microcephaly in French Polynesia, 201315: a retrospective study.The Lancet,387(10033), 2125-2132. Musso, D., Roche, C., Robin, E., Nhan, T., Teissier, A., Cao-Lormeau, V. M. (2015). Potential sexual transmission of Zika virus.Emerging infectious diseases,21(2), 359. Gourinat, A. C., OConnor, O., Calvez, E., Goarant, C., Dupont-Rouzeyrol, M. (2015). Detection of Zika virus in urine.Emerging infectious diseases,21(1), 84.